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simple part

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1 simple part

Спорт: обычная часть упражнения

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > simple part
2 simple part

обычная часть упражнения

English-Russian sports dictionary > simple part
3 simple part

простая деталь

Англо-русский строительный словарь > simple part
4 simple

simple ['sɪmpəl]

adjective

(a) (easy) simple, facile; (uncomplicated) simple;

∎ his reasons are never simple ses raisons ne sont jamais simples;

∎ it's a simple operation c'est une opération simple;

∎ getting there was the simple part ce n'est pas d'y aller qui était difficile;

∎ it's a simple meal to prepare c'est un repas facile à préparer;

∎ it would be simpler to do it myself ce serait plus simple que je le fasse ou si je le faisais moi-même;

∎ it should be a simple matter to change your ticket tu ne devrais avoir aucun mal à changer ton billet;

∎ to yearn for the simple life aspirer au retour à la nature;

∎ let's hear your story, then, but keep it simple bon, racontez votre histoire, mais passez-moi les détails;

∎ it's as simple as that c'est aussi simple que ça

(b) (plain → tastes, ceremony, life, style) simple;

∎ she wore a simple black dress elle portait une robe noire toute simple;

∎ I want a simple "yes" or "no" répondez-moi simplement par "oui" ou par "non";

∎ let me explain in simple terms or language laissez-moi vous expliquer ça en termes simples;

∎ I did it for the simple reason that I had no choice je l'ai fait pour la simple raison que je n'avais pas le choix

(c) (unassuming) simple, sans façons;

∎ despite her success, she remains simple and unaffected malgré sa réussite, elle est restée simple et naturelle

(d) (naive) simple, naïf; (feeble-minded) simple, niais;

∎ he's a bit simple il est un peu simplet

(e) (basic → substance, fracture, sentence) simple

(f) Biology (eye) simple

►► Law simple contract convention f verbale, acte m sous seing privé;

Mathematics simple equation équation f du premier degré;

Mathematics simple fraction fraction f ordinaire;

Medicine simple fracture fracture f simple;

Physics simple harmonic motion mouvement m harmonique simple;

Finance simple interest (UNCOUNT) intérêts mpl simples;

simple machine pièce f (d'un mécanisme);

Simple Simon naïf m, nigaud m;

Grammar simple tense temps m simple

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > simple
5 simple

1. n собир. простой люд; беднота

simple eye — простой огон

simple name — простое имя

simple knot — простой кноп

Simple Entry — Простой ввод

simple fruit — простой плод

2. n простой человек; бедняк

simple labor — простой труд

simple fare — простая пища

simple domain — простой домен

simple time — простой размер

simple scheme — простой план

3. n простак, недотёпа

4. n составляющее, ингредиент, составная часть, элемент

simple part — обычная часть упражнения

5. a простой, нетрудный, несложный

simple task — простая задача

simple bending — простой изгиб

simple protein — простой белок

simple support — простая опора

simple fraction — простая дробь

simple sample — простая выборка

6. a несоставной, простой, с простой структурой; неразложимый

simple sentence — простое предложение

simple pistil — простой пестик

in simple phrase — простым языком

simple contract — простой договор

simple interest — простые проценты

simple assault — простое нападение

simple compression — простое сжатие

7. a скромный, незатейливый, незамысловатый; непритязательный

simple food — простая пища

simple life — простой образ жизни

simple homespun characters — простые непритязательные люди

8. a простодушный, бесхитростный, наивный; искренний

simple soul — простая душа

to transmute a simple romantic narrative into a prose poem — сделать из бесхитростного романтического рассказа стихотворение в прозе

9. a простоватый, глуповатый, недалёкий

that is very simple of you — это очень глупо с вашей стороны

10. a придурковатый

11. a рядовой; простой

simple peasants — простые крестьяне

simple stress — простое напряженное состояние

simple - swinging — простые размахивания в махе

simple reproduction — простое воспроизводство

simple floral fragrance — простой цветочный запах

simple skin cladding — простое обшивочное покрытие

12. a сущий, чистый; явный, очевидный

a simple fact — очевидный факт

the simple truth — чистая правда

13. a тех. простейший

14. a мат. простой, элементарный

simple algebra — простая алгебра

simple lattice design — план опыта по схеме простой решетки

simple debt — простой долг, долг из договора не за печатью

simple Hollander vault — простой опорный прыжок Холландера

simple statement — простое утверждение; простой оператор

reproduction on a simple scale — простое воспроизводство

15. a геол. однородный

16. a биол. контролируемый одним геном

simple inherited character — наименьшая единица наследования

Синонимический ряд:

1. asinine (adj.) asinine; brainless; dense; fatuous; foolish; ignorant; inane; insensate; mindless; nitwitted; senseless; shallow; sheepheaded; silly; soft; spoony; stupid; unintelligent; unwitty; weak-headed; weak-minded; witless

2. clear (adj.) clear; intelligible; lucid; understandable; unmistakable

3. customary (adj.) common; customary; ordinary; usual

4. easy (adj.) easy; effortless; facile; light; royal; smooth; untroublesome

5. informal (adj.) informal; unceremonious; unpretentious

6. mean (adj.) humble; lowly; mean; undistinguished

7. natural (adj.) artless; guileless; humble; inartificial; ingenuous; innocent; naive; natural; neat; simplehearted; sincere; unaffected; unartful; unartificial; unassuming; unschooled; unsophisticated; unstudied; untutored; unworldly

8. plain (adj.) bald; discreet; dry; homely; inelaborate; modest; plain; unadorned; unbeautified; undecorated; unelaborate; unembellished; unembroidered; ungarnished; unornamented; unostentatious; unpretentious; unvarnished

9. pure (adj.) absolute; perfect; pure; pure and simple; sheer; unadulterated; unalloyed; undiluted; unmitigated; unmixed; unqualified

10. retarded (adj.) backward; dim-witted; dull; feebleminded; half-witted; imbecile; moronic; quarter-witted; retarded; simpleminded; slow; slow-witted

11. uncomplicated (adj.) bare; elementary; mere; mild; rudimentary; simplex; simplistic; uncomplicated

12. unimportant (adj.) immaterial; inconsequential; insignificant; nonessential; trifling; trivial; unimportant; unnecessary

13. fool (noun) butt; chump; dupe; easy mark; fall guy; fish; fool; gudgeon; gull; mark; monkey; patsy; pigeon; sap; saphead; sucker; victim

Антонимический ряд:

artful; artificial; complex; complicated; compound; connected; designing; difficult; double; elaborate; embellished; exacting; fancy; intelligent; worldly

English-Russian base dictionary > simple
6 part

1) часть, доля, компонент, элемент

2) часть, деталь ( механизма)

3) часть проекта

4) разделять, делить ( на части)

•

part by volume — доля по объёму

part in bending — элемент, работающий на изгиб

part in compression — элемент, работающий на сжатие, сжатый элемент

part in tension — элемент, работающий на растяжении, растянутый элемент

- part of design
- parts of rope - parts of structure - accessory part - architectural part of design - basic part - building part - closing parts - complex part - constructional part of design - damaged part - electric engineering part of design - electronic part - embedded parts - fabricated parts - fashion parts - fastening part - finished part - friction part - integral part - irreparable part - load-bearing part - location part - make-up part - male part - mechanical and process engineering part of design - mortar part of the mix - odd parts - odd-shaped part - profiled part - remanufactured part - removable parts - repair parts - rubbing part - sampling part - sanitary engineering part of design - sealing part - simple part - spare parts - stamped part - standard part - standardized machine parts - striking part of hammer - structural part of design - supporting part - wearing part
* * *

1.   часть, доля

2.   разделять, отделять

3.   компонент, элемент; деталь; узел
- parts of construction works
- parts of rope
- parts of structure
- accessory part
- building part
- closing parts
- constituent parts
- defective parts
- dividing parts
- driving parts
- embedded parts
- enclosing parts
- fixed part of the crane
- interchangeable parts
- live derricking part
- machine parts
- mortar part of the mix
- repair parts
- spare parts
- structural parts
- subsurface parts of building
- trimming parts

Англо-русский строительный словарь > part
7 simple

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[English Word] simple

[Swahili Word] plen

[Part of Speech] adjective

[Derived Word] engl

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[English Word] simple

[Swahili Word] rahisi

[Part of Speech] adjective

[English Example] easy work.

[Swahili Example] kazi rahisi

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[English Word] simple thing

[English Plural] simple things

[Swahili Word] mfuto

[Swahili Plural] mifuto

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4

[Derived Language] Swahili

[Derived Word] -futa

[English Example] simple mat

[Swahili Example] mkeka wa mfuto

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English-Swahili dictionary > simple
8 simple as falling off a log

амер.; разг.

( (as) simple as falling (или rolling) off a log)

≈ легче лёгкого, проще простого, пара пустяков

Hegan, congratulate me. It's as simple as rolling off a log. (J. London, ‘Burning Daylight’, part II, ch. XII) — Хеген, поздравьте меня. Проще же не придумаешь!

Large English-Russian phrasebook > simple as falling off a log
9 fee simple

юр.

1) безусловное право собственности; поместье, наследуемое без ограничений

2) полное владение чем-л

Here were four women, of any one of whom he had the fee simple. (E. Linton, ‘The Rebel of the Family’, vol. I, ch. IV) — Вот четыре женщины, каждая из которых беспрекословно подчиняется ему.

But she did not come, and he went sadly away, disturbed to the very bottom of all that he owned in fee simple. (J. Galsworthy, ‘The Patrician’, part II, ch. VII) — Но она не вернулась, и молодой юрист печально побрел прочь, потрясенный до глубины души - единственного своего достояния.

A gift should be made in what they call fee simple... (S. Bellow, ‘Herzog’) — Подарок следует дарить так, чтобы человек имел на него, как говорят юристы, безусловное право собственности...

Large English-Russian phrasebook > fee simple
10 by a simple expedient

Общая лексика: очень несложным способом (Young Croom’s address he had obtained by the simple expedient of waiting behind Clare while she sent her telegram http://adelanta.info/library/novel/438.html?part=2&lan=both&pages=5)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > by a simple expedient
11 decomposers (organisms that take part in the decay of organic materials to simple compounds (e.g. bacteria and fungi)

Макаров: деструкторы (организмы, принимающие участие в разложении органических материалов до простых соединений (напр. бактерии и грибы)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > decomposers (organisms that take part in the decay of organic materials to simple compounds (e.g. bacteria and fungi)
12 single

'siŋɡl
1. adjective
1) (one only: The spider hung on a single thread.) solo, único

2) (for one person only: a single bed/mattress.) individual

3) (unmarried: a single person.) soltero

4) (for or in one direction only: a single ticket/journey/fare.) de ida, sencillo

2. noun
1) (a gramophone record with only one tune or song on each side: This group have just brought out a new single.) (disco) sencillo, single

2) (a one-way ticket.) billete sencillo

•

- singleness
- singles
- singly
- single-breasted
- single-decker
- single-handed
- single parent
- single out

single¹ adj

1. solo / único

he gave her a single red rose le dio una sola rosa roja

2. individual

a single bed una cama individual

3. soltero

are you single or married? ¿estás soltero o casado?

in single file en fila india

single² n

1. billete de ida

a single to Castleford, please un billete de ida a Castleford, por favor

2. sencillo

have you listened to their new single? ¿has escuchado su nuevo sencillo?

Del verbo singlar: ( conjugate singlar) \ \
singlé es: \ \
1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

single es: \ \
1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

single /'siŋgel/ sustantivo masculino 1 (Mús) single 2 ( en tenis)
a) (CS) ( partido) singles (match)

b)

◊ singles sustantivo masculino plural (AmL) ( partido) singles (match)
' single' also found in these entries: Spanish: billete - cama - casarse - desfilar - fila - gramaje - india - indio - individual - monetaria - monetario - monocultivo - monofásica - monofásico - monoplaza - no - pasar - sencilla - sencillo - singularizar - sola - solo - soltera - soltero - triste - unicameral - unicelular - unifamiliar - año - boleto - crema - habitación - labio - madre - ni - palabra - pasaje - quedar - seguir - suelto - único - uno English: currency - file - navigate - section - single - single currency - single out - single parent - single-breasted - single-family - single-figure - single-handed - single-minded - single-mindedness - single-sex - single-space - single-spacing - anything - bachelor - blossom - cloud - coil - curriculum - hair - individual - odd - one - scrap - session - shred - sitting - solitary - stair - standing - straw - whisker - work

single

tr['sɪŋgəl]

adjective

1 (only one) solo,-a, único,-a

■ we heard a single scream oímos un solo grito

■ a single blow un solo golpe

■ not a single person came no vino ni una sola persona

2 (composed of one part) simple, sencillo,-a

■ single figures cifras de un solo dígito

■ a single flower una flor simple

■ a single yellow line una línea amarilla sencilla

3 (for one person) individual

4 (separate, individual) cada

■ she copied every single word copió cada palabra

■ every single day todos los días

■ it's the single most important cause es la causa más importante

5 (unmarried) soltero,-a

noun

1 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL (single ticket) billete nombre masculino de ida, billete nombre masculino sencillo

2 (record) (disco) sencillo, single nombre masculino

3 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (in cricket) tanto; (in baseball) sencillo

4 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (one dollar bill) billete nombre masculino de un dólar

plural noun singles

1 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (in tennis, badminton) individuales nombre masculino plural

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

in single file en fila india

single combat combate nombre masculino singular

single cream nata líquida

single parent (mother) madre nombre femenino soltera 2 (father) padre nombre masculino soltero

single room habitación nombre femenino individual

single ['sɪŋgəl] vt, - gled ; - gling or to single out

1) select: escoger

2) distinguish: señalar

single adj

1) unmarried: soltero

2) sole: solo

a single survivor: un solo sobreviviente

every single one: cada uno, todos

single n

1) : soltero m, -ra f

for married couples and singles: para los matrimonios y los solteros

2) or single room : habitación f individual

3) dollar: billete m de un dólar

single

adj.

• célibe adj.

• habitación individual s.f.

• individual adj.

• mozo, -a adj.

• sencillo, -a adj.

• simple adj.

• singular adj.

• solo, -a adj.

• soltero, -a adj.

• uno, -a adj.

• único, -a adj.

v.

• singularizar v.

I 'sɪŋgəl
adjective

1) ( just one) (before n) solo

a single issue dominated the talks — un solo or único tema dominó las conversaciones

it's the single most important issue — es el tema más importante or de mayor importancia

the largest single shareholder — el mayor accionista individual

every single day — todos los días sin excepción, todos los santos días (fam); (with neg)

not a single house was left standing — no quedó ni una sola casa en pie

2) (before n)

a) ( for one person) < room> individual; <bed/sheet> individual, de una plaza (AmL)

b) ( not double) <lens/engine/line> solo; < flower> simple

single figures — cifras fpl de un solo dígito

in single file — en fila india

c) (BrE Transp) <fare/ticket> de ida, sencillo

3) ( unmarried) soltero

I'm single — soy or (Esp tb) estoy soltero

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- single out

II

noun

1) (Audio, Mus) single m, (disco m) sencillo m

a 12-inch single — un maxi-single

2)

a) ( ticket) (BrE) boleto m or (Esp) billete m de ida

b) ( room) (habitación f) individual f or sencilla f

3) singles pl (before n)

singles bar — bar para personas en busca de pareja

4) ( Sport)

a) ( in baseball) sencillo m

b) ( in cricket) tanto m; see also singles

['sɪŋɡl]
1. ADJ

1) (before noun) (=one only) solo

in a single day — en un solo día

we heard a single shot — oímos un solo disparo

our team won by a single point — nuestro equipo ganó por un solo punto

2) (before noun) (emphatic)

• we didn't see a single car that afternoon — no vimos ni un solo coche esa tarde

not a single one was left — no quedó ni uno

• it rained every single day — no dejó de llover ni un solo día, llovió todos los días sin excepción

• I did not doubt her sincerity for a single moment — no dudé de su sinceridad ni por un momento

• not a or one single person came to her aid — ni una sola persona fue a ayudarla

• the single biggest problem — el problema más grande

the US is the single biggest producer of carbon dioxide — los EEUU son los mayores productores de carbón

• I couldn't think of a single thing to say — no se me ocurría nada que decir

3) (before noun) (=individual)

he gave her a single rose — le dio una rosa

a single diamond — un solitario

4) (before noun) (=not double) [bed, sheet, room] individual; [garage] para un solo coche; [whisky, gin etc] sencillo; [bloom] simple

a single knot — un nudo sencillo
figure 1., 5)
5) (=unmarried) [person] soltero; [mother, father] sin pareja; [life] de soltero; single-parent

6) (before noun) (Brit) (=one-way) [ticket, fare] de ida

2. N

1) (in hotel) (also: single room) habitación f individual

2) (Brit) (also: single ticket) billete m de ida

3) (=record) sencillo m, single m

4) (Cricket) (=one run) tanto m

5) (Brit) (=pound coin or note) billete m or moneda f de una libra; (US) (=dollar note) billete m de un dólar

6) singles

a) (Tennis etc) individuales mpl

the men's singles — los individuales masculinos

b) (=unmarried people) solteros mpl

3.

CPD

single combat N — combate m singular

in single combat — en combate singular

single cream N — (Brit) crema f de leche líquida, nata f líquida (Sp)

single currency N — moneda f única

single density disk N — disco m de densidad sencilla

single European currency N — moneda f europea

Single European Market N —

• the Single European Market — el Mercado Único Europeo

single father N — padre m soltero, padre m sin pareja

single file N —

in single file — en fila india

single honours N — licenciatura universitaria en la que se estudia una sola especialidad

single lens reflex (camera) N — cámara f réflex de una lente

single malt (whisky) N — whisky m de malta

single market N — mercado m único

single mother N — madre f soltera, madre f sin pareja

single parent N — (=woman) madre f soltera, madre f sin pareja; (=man) padre m soltero, padre m sin pareja

single parent benefit N — ayuda del Estado por ser padre soltero o madre soltera

singles bar N — bar m para solteros

singles chart N — lista f de los singles más vendidos

single spacing N — (Typ) interlineado m simple

in single spacing — a espacio sencillo

single supplement, single person supplement, single room supplement N — (in hotel) recargo m por reserva individual

single transferable vote N (Pol) —

single transferable vote system — sistema m del voto único transferible

- single out

* * *

I ['sɪŋgəl]
adjective

1) ( just one) (before n) solo

a single issue dominated the talks — un solo or único tema dominó las conversaciones

it's the single most important issue — es el tema más importante or de mayor importancia

the largest single shareholder — el mayor accionista individual

every single day — todos los días sin excepción, todos los santos días (fam); (with neg)

not a single house was left standing — no quedó ni una sola casa en pie

2) (before n)

a) ( for one person) < room> individual; <bed/sheet> individual, de una plaza (AmL)

b) ( not double) <lens/engine/line> solo; < flower> simple

single figures — cifras fpl de un solo dígito

in single file — en fila india

c) (BrE Transp) <fare/ticket> de ida, sencillo

3) ( unmarried) soltero

I'm single — soy or (Esp tb) estoy soltero

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- single out

II

noun

1) (Audio, Mus) single m, (disco m) sencillo m

a 12-inch single — un maxi-single

2)

a) ( ticket) (BrE) boleto m or (Esp) billete m de ida

b) ( room) (habitación f) individual f or sencilla f

3) singles pl (before n)

singles bar — bar para personas en busca de pareja

4) ( Sport)

a) ( in baseball) sencillo m

b) ( in cricket) tanto m; see also singles

English-spanish dictionary > single
13 straight

straight [streɪt]

1. adjective

   a. ( = not curved) droit ; [chair] à dossier droit ; [hair] raide

• to walk in a straight line marcher en ligne droite

• to keep one's back straight se tenir droit

   b. ( = frank) [answer, question] franc ( franche f)

• it's time for some straight talking soyons francs

   c. ( = unambiguous) clair

• have you got that straight? est-ce bien clair ?

• let's get this straight entendons-nous bien sur ce point

• to get things straight in one's mind mettre les choses au clair dans son esprit

• to put sth straight mettre qch au clair

• to set sb straight (about sth) éclairer qn (sur qch)

   d. ( = tidy) to put sth straight mettre de l'ordre dans qch

   e. ( = simple) it was a straight choice between A and B il n'y avait que deux solutions, A ou B

• her latest novel is straight autobiography son dernier roman est de l'autobiographie pure

• to get straight As (US) obtenir les meilleures notes

• a straight A student (US) un étudiant qui obtient les meilleures notes partout

   f. ( = consecutive) [victories, defeats, games, months] consécutif

• for five straight days pendant cinq jours consécutifs

• in straight sets (Tennis) en deux/trois sets (pour les matchs en trois/cinq sets)

   g. ( = not owed or owing money) (inf) quitte

• if I give you £5, then we'll be straight si je te donne 5 livres, nous serons quittes

   h. [whisky, vodka] sec ( sèche f)

   i. ( = unsmiling) to keep a straight face garder son sérieux

• to say sth with a straight face dire qch sans sourire

   j. [person] (inf) ( = conventional) conventionnel ; ( = heterosexual) hétéro (inf) ; ( = not criminal) honnête

• I've been straight for three years ( = not on drugs) ça fait trois ans que je n'ai pas pris de drogue

2. noun

   a. the straight [of racecourse, athletics track] la ligne droite

   b. to keep to the straight and narrow rester dans le droit chemin

• to keep sb on the straight and narrow faire suivre le droit chemin à qn

   c. ( = heterosexual) (inf) hétéro mf

3. adverb

   a. ( = in a straight line) [walk, stand, grow] droit ; [shoot] juste

• to go straight ahead aller tout droit

• straight across from the house juste en face de la maison

• straight above us juste au-dessus de nous

• he came straight at me il s'est dirigé droit sur moi

• to look straight at sb regarder qn droit dans les yeux

• he looked straight ahead il a regardé droit devant lui

• to look sb straight in the face/the eye regarder qn bien en face/droit dans les yeux

• to sit straight s'asseoir bien droit

• to sit up straight se redresser

• to stand up straight se redresser

• the bullet went straight through his chest la balle lui a traversé la poitrine de part en part

• to go straight towards sb/sth se diriger droit vers qn/qch

• the cork shot straight up in the air le bouchon est parti droit en l'air

• she ran straight across without looking elle a traversé en courant sans regarder

   b. ( = level) to hang straight [picture] être bien droit

   c. ( = directly) straight after this tout de suite après

• to come straight back ( = without detour) revenir directement ; ( = immediately) revenir tout de suite

• straight from the horse's mouth de source sûre

• to go straight home rentrer directement chez soi

• he went straight to London ( = without detour) il est allé directement à Londres ; ( = immediately) il s'est immédiatement rendu à Londres

• to go straight to bed aller directement se coucher

• I may as well come straight to the point autant que j'en vienne droit au fait

   d. ( = frankly) (inf) give it to me straight dis-le-moi carrément

   e. ( = neat) to drink one's whisky straight boire son whisky sec

   f. ( = clearly) he couldn't think straight il n'avait plus les idées claires

• I couldn't see straight je n'y voyais plus clair

   g. to go straight (inf) ( = reform) revenir dans le droit chemin

   h. ( = consecutively) for five days straight pendant cinq jours d'affilée

   i. (set structures)

► straight away tout de suite

► straight off ( = immediately) tout de suite ; ( = without hesitation) sans hésiter ; ( = without beating about the bush) sans ambages

► straight on tout droit

► straight out ( = without hesitation) sans hésiter ; ( = frankly) franchement

4. compounds

► straight-faced adverb d'un air impassible adjective

impassible

► straight-laced adjective collet monté inv

* * *
[streɪt] 1.
noun Sport ligne f droite

back straight — côté m opposé de la piste

home straight — dernière ligne droite
2.
adjective

1) ( not bent or curved) gen droit; [hair] raide

dead straight — gen tout droit

in a straight line — en ligne droite

2) (level, upright) gen bien droit; [bedclothes, tablecloth] bien mis

the picture/your tie isn't straight — le tableau/ta cravate est de travers

3) (tidy, in order) en ordre

to get ou put something straight — lit, fig mettre quelque chose en ordre

4) ( clear)

to get something straight — comprendre quelque chose

now let's get one thing straight — que ce soit bien clair

to put somebody straight about something — éclairer quelqu'un sur quelque chose

to put ou set the record straight — établir la vérité

5) (honest, direct) [person] honnête, droit; [answer] clair

to be straight with somebody — jouer franc-jeu avec quelqu'un

6) ( unconditional) [majority, profit] net/nette; [choice] simple

to do a straight swap — faire simplement l'échange

a straight fight — GB Politics une élection à deux candidats

7) ( undiluted) [drink] sec, sans eau

8) ( consecutive) [wins, defeats] consécutif/-ive

she got straight ‘A’s — School elle a eu très bien partout

in straight sets — Sport en deux (or trois) sets

9) Theatre [actor, role] sérieux/-ieuse

10) (colloq) ( heterosexual) hétéro (colloq) inv
3.
adverb

1) ( not obliquely) gen droit; [shoot] juste

stand up straight! — tenez-vous droit!

sit up straight! — asseyez-vous convenablement!

she held her arm out straight — elle a étendu le bras devant elle

to go/keep straight ahead — aller/continuer tout droit

to look straight ahead — regarder droit devant soi

to look somebody straight in the eye — regarder quelqu'un droit dans les yeux

he headed straight for the bar — il s'est dirigé droit vers le bar

the car was coming straight at me — la voiture se dirigeait droit sur moi

she was looking straight at me — elle regardait droit dans ma direction

straight above our heads — juste au-dessus de nos têtes

straight up in the air — droit en l'air

the bullet went straight through his body — la balle lui a traversé le corps de part en part

they drove straight past me — ils sont passés droit devant moi

she drove straight into a tree — elle est rentrée droit dans un arbre

2) ( without delay) directement

to go straight back to Paris — rentrer directement à Paris

she wrote straight back — elle a répondu immédiatement

to come straight to the point — aller droit au fait

straight after — tout de suite après

straight away —

straight off — tout de suite

he read it straight off — il l'a lu d'une seule traite

she told him straight out that — elle lui a dit carrément or sans ambages que

it seemed like something straight out of the Middle Ages — cela semblait sortir tout droit du Moyen Âge

3) ( frankly) tout net

I'll tell you straight — je vous le dirai tout net

give it to me straight — (colloq) dis-moi la vérité

straight out — carrément

to play straight with somebody — fig jouer franc-jeu avec quelqu'un

4) Theatre [act, produce] de manière classique

5) ( neat) [drink] sec or sans eau

••

to keep a straight face — garder son sérieux

the straight and narrow — le droit chemin

to go straight — (colloq) [criminal] se ranger

straight up? — (colloq) GB sans blague? (colloq)

English-French dictionary > straight
14 straight

streit
1. adjective
1) (not bent or curved: a straight line; straight (= not curly) hair; That line is not straight.) recto, liso

2) ((of a person, his behaviour etc) honest, frank and direct: Give me a straight answer!) honrado, de confianza, sincero, franco

3) (properly or levelly positioned: Your tie isn't straight.) derecho, recto

4) (correct and tidy: I'll never get this house straight!; Now let's get the facts straight!) en orden, arreglado

5) ((of drinks) not mixed: a straight gin.) solo

6) ((of a face, expression etc) not smiling or laughing: You should keep a straight face while you tell a joke.) serio

7) ((of an actor) playing normal characters, or (of a play) of the ordinary type - not a musical or variety show.) serio, dramático

2. adverb
1) (in a straight, not curved, line; directly: His route went straight across the desert; She can't steer straight; Keep straight on.) recto, directamente

2) (immediately, without any delay: He went straight home after the meeting.) directamente

3) (honestly or fairly: You're not playing (= behaving) straight.) francamente, con franqueza

3. noun
(the straight part of something, eg of a racecourse: He's in the final straight.) recta

- straighten
- straightness
- straightforward
- straightforwardly
- straightforwardness
- straight talking
- go straight
- straight away
- straighten out/up
- a straight fight
- straight off

straight¹ adj

1. liso

she's got straight hair tiene el pelo liso

2. recto / derecho

a straight line una línea recta

the mirror isn't straight el espejo no está recto

3. en orden

I want everything straight before your mother comes back quiero todo en orden antes de que vuelva tu madre

straight² adv

1. recto / derecho

go straight on down this road sigue todo recto por esta calle

2. directamente

she went straight to the police se dirigió directamente a la policía

straight away enseguida / inmediatamente

straight

tr[streɪt]

adjective

1 (not curved - gen) recto,-a; (- hair) liso,-a

■ a straight road una carretera recta

■ can you walk in a straight line? ¿puedes caminar en línea recta?

2 (level, upright) derecho,-a, recto,-a

■ backs straight! ¡espalda recta!

■ is my tie straight? ¿tengo la corbata recta?

■ the picture isn't straight el cuadro no está recto

■ sit with your back straight siéntate erguido

3 (tidy, neat) en orden, arreglado,-a

■ I must get the house straight tengo que ordenar la casa

4 (honest - person) honrado,-a, de confianza; (sincere) sincero,-a, franco,-a

■ be straight with me sea sincero conmigo

■ give me a straight answer dame una respuesta clara

■ let's do some straight talking hablemos claro

5 (direct - question) directo,-a; (- refusal, rejection) categórico,-a, rotundo,-a

■ he gave me a straight "no" for an answer su respuesta fue un "no" rotundo

6 (correct, accurate) correcto,-a

■ let me get this straight a ver si lo he entendido

■ have you got your facts straight? ¿tienes la información correcta?

7 (consecutive) seguido,-a

■ he worked for five days straight trabajó cinco días seguidos

■ 31 straight wins 31 victorias consecutivas

■ she got straight A's sacó sobresaliente en todo

8 (drink) solo,-a

9 (play, actor, etc) serio,-a, dramático,-a

10 (person - conventional) convencional; (- heterosexual) heterosexual; (non-drug user) que no toma droga

11 familiar (not in debt) solvente

adverb

1 (in a straight line) recto,-a

■ he was staring straight ahead miraba al frente

■ go straight on sigue todo recto

■ it's straight in front of you está delante de tus narices

■ he can't shoot straight no es un tirador certero

2 (not in a curve) derecho,-a, recto,-a

■ sit up straight ponte derecho

3 (directly) directamente

■ he went straight to the fridge se fue directamente a la nevera

■ come straight home vuelve directamente a casa

■ she went straight from school to university pasó directamente del instituto a la universidad

■ go straight to bed vete directamente a la cama

■ the car was coming straight at me el coche venía directo hacia mí

4 (immediately) en seguida

■ straight after lunch inmediatamente después de comer

■ I'll come straight back volveré en seguida

5 (frankly) francamente, con franqueza

■ tell him straight (out) díselo sin rodeos

■ get straight to the point ve al grano

6 (clearly) claro, con claridad

■ I can't think straight no puedo pensar bien

noun

1 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (in race) recta

■ he sped down the final straight bajó la recta final a gran velocidad

2 (in cards) escalera

3 familiar (conventional person) carca nombre masulino o femenino; (heterosexual) heterosexual nombre masulino o femenino; (non-drug user) persona que no se droga

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

as straight as an arrow/die (line, direction) derecho,-a como una vela 2 (person) honrado,-a

the straight and narrow el buen camino

straight from the shoulder sin rodeos

straight away en seguida

straight off sin pensarlo, en el acto

straight up en serio

to go straight (criminal) reformarse

to keep a straight face contener la risa

to play straight (with somebody) jugar limpio (con alguien)

to put/set the record straight dejar las cosas claras, aclarar las cosas, poner las cosas en su lugar

to put/set somebody straight (about something) explicar los hechos a alguien

to vote a/the straight ticket SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL votar a candidatos del mismo partido para todos los cargos

straight choice alternativa clara

straight fight mano a mano nombre masculino

straight profit beneficio limpio

straight swap cambio directo

straight ['streɪt] adv

1) : derecho, directamente

go straight, then turn right: sigue derecho, luego gira a la derecha

2) honestly: honestamente

to go straight: enmendarse

3) clearly: con claridad

4) frankly: francamente, con franqueza

straight adj

1) : recto (dícese de las líneas, etc.), derecho (dícese de algo vertical), lacio (dícese del pelo)

2) honest, just: honesto, justo

3) neat, orderly: arreglado, ordenado

straight

adj.

• derecho, -a adj.

• directo, -a adj.

• engallado, -a adj.

• enhiesto, -a adj.

• erguido, -a adj.

• franco, -a adj.

• liso, -a adj.

• recto, -a adj.

• seguido, -a adj.

• serio, -a adj.

adv.

• derechamente adv.

• derecho adv.

• directamente adv.

• recto adv.

straight* (Sexuality)

n.

• buga* s.m.

I streɪt
adjective -er, -est

1)

a) ( not curved or wavy) recto; < hair> lacio, liso

to walk in a straight line — caminar en línea recta

keep your knees straight — no dobles las rodillas

he walks with a straight back — camina muy erguido

b) (level, upright, vertical) (pred)

to be straight — estar* derecho

is my tie straight? — ¿tengo la corbata derecha or bien puesta?

your tie isn't straight — llevas or tienes la corbata torcida

2) ( in order) (pred)

is my hair straight? — ¿tengo bien el pelo?

I have to get o put my room straight — tengo que ordenar mi cuarto

if I pay for the coffees, we'll be straight — si pago los cafés quedamos or estamos en paz or (CS) a mano

to get something straight: let's get this straight a ver si nos entendemos; you have to make sure you've got your facts straight tienes que asegurarte de que la información que tienes es correcta; to set the record straight dejar las cosas en claro; to put o set somebody straight about something — aclararle algo a alguien

3)

a) (direct, clear) <denial/refusal> rotundo, categórico

it's a straight choice between buying a car or going on holiday — la alternativa es clara: o se compra un coche o se va de vacaciones

I made $20,000 straight profit — saqué 20.000 dólares limpios de beneficio

she got straight A's — ≈sacó sobresaliente en todo

b) ( unmixed) <gin/vodka> solo

4) (honest, frank) < question> directo; < answer> claro

all I want is a straight yes or no — lo único que quiero es que me digas que sí o que no, sin más

I've been absolutely straight with you about the whole business — no te he ocultado nada del asunto

5) ( successive)

he won in straight sets — ( Sport) ganó sin conceder or sin perder ningún set

she's had five straight wins — ha ganado cinco veces seguidas

this is the fifth straight day it's happened — (AmE) éste es el quinto día seguido que pasa

6)

a) ( serious) <play/actor> dramático, serio

b) ( conventional) (colloq) convencional

c) ( heterosexual) (colloq) heterosexual

II

adverb

1)

a) ( in a straight line) < walk> en línea recta

they live straight across from us — viven justo enfrente de nosotros

she looked straight ahead — miró al frente

the truck was coming straight at me — el camión venía derecho or justo hacia mí

I aimed straight for his heart — le apunté justo al corazón

he made straight for the bar — se fue derecho al bar

look me straight in the eye — mírame a la cara

keep straight on until you come to the lights — sigue derecho hasta llegar al semáforo

the bullet went straight through his arm — la bala le atravesó el brazo

b) ( erect) <sit/stand> derecho

sit up straight — ponte derecho

2)

a) ( directly) directamente

I came straight home from work — vine directamente or derecho a casa después del trabajo

she drank it straight from the bottle — se lo bebió directamente de la botella

I joined the army straight from school — me alisté en el ejército en cuanto terminé el colegio

b) ( immediately)

straight after dinner — inmediatamente después de cenar, en cuanto terminé de cenar

I'll bring it straight back — enseguida lo devuelvo

she said straight off she wasn't paying — (colloq) dijo de entrada que ella no pagaba

I'll come straight to the point — iré derecho or directamente al grano

straight away — straightaway

3) (colloq)

a) ( frankly) con franqueza

she told him straight out — se lo dijo sin rodeos

b) ( honestly)

are you playing straight with me? — ¿estás jugando limpio conmigo?

to go straight: he swore he'd go straight — prometió que se reformaría

4) ( clearly) <see/think> con claridad

I can't think straight — no puedo pensar claro or con claridad

5) ( Theat) < play> de manera clásica

III

noun ( on race track)

the straight — la recta

[streɪt]
1. ADJ
(compar straighter) (superl straightest)
1) (=not bent or curved) [line, road, nose, skirt] recto; [trousers] de perneras estrechas, de pata estrecha *; [hair] lacio, liso; [shoulders] erguido, recto

he couldn't even walk in a straight line — ni siquiera podía caminar en línea recta

she was keeping the boat on a straight course — mantenía el barco navegando en línea recta

to have a straight back — tener la espalda erguida or recta

• I couldn't keep a straight face, I couldn't keep my face straight — no podía mantener la cara seria

she said it with a completely straight face — lo dijo con la cara totalmente seria

2) (=not askew) [picture, rug, hat, hem] derecho

the picture isn't straight — el cuadro está torcido or (LAm) chueco

your tie isn't straight — tienes la corbata torcida, tu corbata no está bien

• to put or set straight — [+ picture, hat, tie, rug] poner derecho

3) (=honest, direct) [answer] franco, directo; [question] directo; [refusal, denial] categórico, rotundo

• all I want is a straight answer to a straight question — lo único que pido es que respondas con franqueza a una pregunta directa

• it's time for some straight talking — es hora de hablar con franqueza or claramente

• to be straight with sb — ser franco con algn, hablar a algn con toda franqueza

- as straight as a die

4) (=unambiguous) claro

is that straight? — ¿está claro?

• to get sth straight, let's get that straight right from the start — vamos a dejar eso claro desde el principio

there are a couple of things we'd better get straight — hay un par de cosas que debemos dejar claras

have you got that straight? — ¿lo has entendido?, ¿está claro?

he had to get things straight in his mind — tenía que aclararse las ideas

he hasn't got his facts straight — no tiene la información correcta

• to put or set sth straight — aclarar algo

to put or set things or matters straight — aclarar las cosas

to put or set the record straight — aclarar las cosas

he soon put or set me straight — enseguida me aclaró las cosas

5) (=tidy, in order) [house, room] arreglado, ordenado; [books, affairs, accounts] en orden

I like to keep my house straight — me gusta tener la casa arreglada or ordenada

the paperwork still isn't straight — los papeles no están todavía en orden

• to get or put sth straight — arreglar algo

6) (=clear-cut, simple) [choice, swap] simple

her latest novel is straight autobiography — su última novela es una simple autobiografía

we made £50 straight profit on the deal — sacamos 50 libras limpias del negocio

a straight cash offer — una oferta de dinero en mano

7) (=consecutive) [victories, defeats, games] consecutivo

this is the fifth straight year that she has won — este es el quinto año consecutivo en el que ha ganado

• to get straight As — sacar sobresaliente en todo

• a straight flush — (in poker) una escalera real

• she lost in straight sets to Pat Hay — (in tennis) perdió contra Pat Hay sin ganar ningún set

• we had ten straight wins — ganamos diez veces seguidas, tuvimos diez victorias consecutivas

8) (=neat) [whisky, vodka] solo

9) (Theat) (=not comic) [part, play, theatre, actor] dramático, serio

10) * (=conventional) [person] de cabeza cuadrada *

she's a nice person, but very straight — es maja pero tiene la cabeza demasiado cuadrada *

11) * (=not owed or owing money)

if I give you a fiver, then we'll be straight — si te doy cinco libras, estamos en paz

12) * (=heterosexual) heterosexual, hetero *

13) * (=not criminal) [person]

he's been straight for two years — ha llevado una vida honrada durante dos años

14) ** (=not using drugs)

I've been straight for 13 years — hace 13 años que dejé las drogas, llevo 13 años desenganchado de las drogas

2. ADV

1) (=in a straight line) [walk, shoot, fly] en línea recta; [grow] recto

they can't even shoot straight — ni siquiera saben disparar en línea recta

he was sitting up very straight — estaba sentado muy derecho or erguido

stand up straight! — ¡ponte derecho or erguido!

• straight above us — directamente encima de nosotros

• it's straight across the road from us — está justo al otro lado de la calle

• to go straight ahead — ir todo recto, ir todo derecho

to look straight ahead — mirar al frente, mirar hacia adelante

straight ahead of us — justo en frente de nosotros

• to look straight at sb — mirar derecho hacia algn

he came straight at me — vino derecho hacia mí

• to hold o.s. straight — mantenerse derecho

• to look sb straight in the eye — mirar directamente a los ojos de algn

to look sb straight in the face — mirar a algn directamente a la cara

• to go straight on — ir todo recto, ir todo derecho

• the bullet went straight through his chest — la bala le atravesó limpiamente el pecho

• I saw a car coming straight towards me — vi un coche que venía derecho hacia mi

• to look straight up — mirar hacia arriba

the cork shot straight up in the air — el corcho salió disparado hacia arriba

2) (=level)

• to hang straight — [picture] estar derecho

the picture isn't hanging straight — el cuadro está torcido or (LAm) chueco

3) (=directly) directamente; (=immediately) inmediatamente

youngsters who move straight from school onto the dole queue — jóvenes que pasan directamente del colegio a la cola del paro

I went straight home/to bed — fui derecho a casa/a la cama

come straight back — vuelve directamente aquí

to come straight to the point — ir al grano

to drink straight from the bottle — beber de la botella

• straight after this — inmediatamente después de esto

• straight away — inmediatamente, en seguida, al tiro (Chile)

• straight off — (=without hesitation) sin vacilar; (=immediately) inmediatamente; (=directly) directamente, sin rodeos

she just went straight off — se marchó sin detenerse

- I heard it straight from the horse's mouth

4) (=frankly) francamente, con franqueza

just give it to me or tell me straight — dímelo francamente or con franqueza

• to tell sb sth straight out — decir algo a algn sin rodeos or directamente

• straight up — (Brit) * en serio

straight from the shoulder —

I let him have it straight from the shoulder — se lo dije sin rodeos

5) (=neat) [drink] solo

I prefer to drink whisky straight — prefiero tomar el whisky solo

6) (=clearly) [think] con claridad

he was so frightened that he couldn't think straight — tenía tanto miedo que no podía pensar con claridad

I was so drunk I couldn't see straight — estaba tan borracho que no veía

7) *

• to go straight — (=reform) [criminal] enmendarse; [drug addict] dejar de tomar drogas, desengancharse

he's been going straight for a year now — [ex-criminal] hace ahora un año que lleva una vida honrada; [ex-addict] hace un año que dejó las drogas, lleva un año desenganchado de las drogas

8) (Theat)

he played the role straight — interpretó el papel de manera clásica

9) (=consecutively)

we worked on the harvest for three days straight — hicimos la cosecha durante tres días seguidos

3. N

1) (=straight line)

• to cut sth on the straight — cortar algo derecho

- the straight and narrow

to keep to the straight and narrow — ir por buen camino

to keep sb on the straight and narrow — mantener a algn por el buen camino

to depart from the straight and narrow — apartarse del buen camino

2) (Brit) (on racecourse)

• the straight — la recta

as the cars entered the final straight Hill was in the lead — cuando los coches entraron en la recta final Hill iba a la cabeza

3) (Cards) runfla f, escalera f

4) * (=heterosexual) heterosexual mf

4.

CPD

straight angle N — ángulo m llano

straight arrow * N — (US) estrecho(-a) m / f de miras

straight man N — actor m que da pie al cómico

I was the straight man and he was the comic — yo era el actor que daba pie a sus chistes y él era el cómico

straight razor N — (US) navaja f de barbero

straight sex N — (=not homosexual) sexo m entre heterosexuales; (=conventional) relaciones fpl sexuales convencionales, sexo m sin florituras *

straight ticket N (US) (Pol) —

to vote a straight ticket — votar a candidatos del mismo partido para todos los cargos

* * *

I [streɪt]
adjective -er, -est

1)

a) ( not curved or wavy) recto; < hair> lacio, liso

to walk in a straight line — caminar en línea recta

keep your knees straight — no dobles las rodillas

he walks with a straight back — camina muy erguido

b) (level, upright, vertical) (pred)

to be straight — estar* derecho

is my tie straight? — ¿tengo la corbata derecha or bien puesta?

your tie isn't straight — llevas or tienes la corbata torcida

2) ( in order) (pred)

is my hair straight? — ¿tengo bien el pelo?

I have to get o put my room straight — tengo que ordenar mi cuarto

if I pay for the coffees, we'll be straight — si pago los cafés quedamos or estamos en paz or (CS) a mano

to get something straight: let's get this straight a ver si nos entendemos; you have to make sure you've got your facts straight tienes que asegurarte de que la información que tienes es correcta; to set the record straight dejar las cosas en claro; to put o set somebody straight about something — aclararle algo a alguien

3)

a) (direct, clear) <denial/refusal> rotundo, categórico

it's a straight choice between buying a car or going on holiday — la alternativa es clara: o se compra un coche o se va de vacaciones

I made $20,000 straight profit — saqué 20.000 dólares limpios de beneficio

she got straight A's — ≈sacó sobresaliente en todo

b) ( unmixed) <gin/vodka> solo

4) (honest, frank) < question> directo; < answer> claro

all I want is a straight yes or no — lo único que quiero es que me digas que sí o que no, sin más

I've been absolutely straight with you about the whole business — no te he ocultado nada del asunto

5) ( successive)

he won in straight sets — ( Sport) ganó sin conceder or sin perder ningún set

she's had five straight wins — ha ganado cinco veces seguidas

this is the fifth straight day it's happened — (AmE) éste es el quinto día seguido que pasa

6)

a) ( serious) <play/actor> dramático, serio

b) ( conventional) (colloq) convencional

c) ( heterosexual) (colloq) heterosexual

II

adverb

1)

a) ( in a straight line) < walk> en línea recta

they live straight across from us — viven justo enfrente de nosotros

she looked straight ahead — miró al frente

the truck was coming straight at me — el camión venía derecho or justo hacia mí

I aimed straight for his heart — le apunté justo al corazón

he made straight for the bar — se fue derecho al bar

look me straight in the eye — mírame a la cara

keep straight on until you come to the lights — sigue derecho hasta llegar al semáforo

the bullet went straight through his arm — la bala le atravesó el brazo

b) ( erect) <sit/stand> derecho

sit up straight — ponte derecho

2)

a) ( directly) directamente

I came straight home from work — vine directamente or derecho a casa después del trabajo

she drank it straight from the bottle — se lo bebió directamente de la botella

I joined the army straight from school — me alisté en el ejército en cuanto terminé el colegio

b) ( immediately)

straight after dinner — inmediatamente después de cenar, en cuanto terminé de cenar

I'll bring it straight back — enseguida lo devuelvo

she said straight off she wasn't paying — (colloq) dijo de entrada que ella no pagaba

I'll come straight to the point — iré derecho or directamente al grano

straight away — straightaway

3) (colloq)

a) ( frankly) con franqueza

she told him straight out — se lo dijo sin rodeos

b) ( honestly)

are you playing straight with me? — ¿estás jugando limpio conmigo?

to go straight: he swore he'd go straight — prometió que se reformaría

4) ( clearly) <see/think> con claridad

I can't think straight — no puedo pensar claro or con claridad

5) ( Theat) < play> de manera clásica

III

noun ( on race track)

the straight — la recta

English-spanish dictionary > straight
15 Thinking

   1) I Am a Thinking Thing

   But what then am I? A thing which thinks. What is a thing which thinks? It is a thing which doubts, understands, [conceives], affirms, denies, wills, refuses, which also imagines and feels. (Descartes, 1951, p. 153)

   2) Thinking Is Not Independent of the Expression of Thought

   I have been trying in all this to remove the temptation to think that there "must be" a mental process of thinking, hoping, wishing, believing, etc., independent of the process of expressing a thought, a hope, a wish, etc.... If we scrutinize the usages which we make of "thinking," "meaning," "wishing," etc., going through this process rids us of the temptation to look for a peculiar act of thinking, independent of the act of expressing our thoughts, and stowed away in some particular medium. (Wittgenstein, 1958, pp. 41-43)

   3) The Experimental Differentiation of Concrete and Propositional Operations

   Analyse the proofs employed by the subject. If they do not go beyond observation of empirical correspondences, they can be fully explained in terms of concrete operations, and nothing would warrant our assuming that more complex thought mechanisms are operating. If, on the other hand, the subject interprets a given correspondence as the result of any one of several possible combinations, and this leads him to verify his hypotheses by observing their consequences, we know that propositional operations are involved. (Inhelder & Piaget, 1958, p. 279)

   4) In Every Age, Philosophical Thinking Exploits Some Dominant Concepts

   In every age, philosophical thinking exploits some dominant concepts and makes its greatest headway in solving problems conceived in terms of them. The seventeenth- and eighteenth-century philosophers construed knowledge, knower, and known in terms of sense data and their association. Descartes' self-examination gave classical psychology the mind and its contents as a starting point. Locke set up sensory immediacy as the new criterion of the real... Hobbes provided the genetic method of building up complex ideas from simple ones... and, in another quarter, still true to the Hobbesian method, Pavlov built intellect out of conditioned reﬂexes and Loeb built life out of tropisms. (S. Langer, 1962, p. 54)

   5) The Experimental Differentiation of Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

   Experiments on deductive reasoning show that subjects are inﬂuenced sufficiently by their experience for their reasoning to differ from that described by a purely deductive system, whilst experiments on inductive reasoning lead to the view that an understanding of the strategies used by adult subjects in attaining concepts involves reference to higher-order concepts of a logical and deductive nature. (Bolton, 1972, p. 154)

   6) The Power of Machine Thought

   There are now machines in the world that think, that learn and create. Moreover, their ability to do these things is going to increase rapidly until-in the visible future-the range of problems they can handle will be coextensive with the range to which the human mind has been applied. (Newell & Simon, quoted in Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 138)

   7) Thinking Is Sometimes Accompanied by Action and Sometimes Not

   But how does it happen that thinking is sometimes accompanied by action and sometimes not, sometimes by motion, and sometimes not? It looks as if almost the same thing happens as in the case of reasoning and making inferences about unchanging objects. But in that case the end is a speculative proposition... whereas here the conclusion which results from the two premises is an action.... I need covering; a cloak is a covering. I need a cloak. What I need, I have to make; I need a cloak. I have to make a cloak. And the conclusion, the "I have to make a cloak," is an action. (Nussbaum, 1978, p. 40)

   8) The Growth of Philosophy

   It is well to remember that when philosophy emerged in Greece in the sixth century, B.C., it did not burst suddenly out of the Mediterranean blue. The development of societies of reasoning creatures-what we call civilization-had been a process to be measured not in thousands but in millions of years. Human beings became civilized as they became reasonable, and for an animal to begin to reason and to learn how to improve its reasoning is a long, slow process. So thinking had been going on for ages before Greece-slowly improving itself, uncovering the pitfalls to be avoided by forethought, endeavoring to weigh alternative sets of consequences intellectually. What happened in the sixth century, B.C., is that thinking turned round on itself; people began to think about thinking, and the momentous event, the culmination of the long process to that point, was in fact the birth of philosophy. (Lipman, Sharp & Oscanyan, 1980, p. xi)

   9) Thought Is, in Great Part, a Public Activity

   The way to look at thought is not to assume that there is a parallel thread of correlated affects or internal experiences that go with it in some regular way. It's not of course that people don't have internal experiences, of course they do; but that when you ask what is the state of mind of someone, say while he or she is performing a ritual, it's hard to believe that such experiences are the same for all people involved.... The thinking, and indeed the feeling in an odd sort of way, is really going on in public. They are really saying what they're saying, doing what they're doing, meaning what they're meaning. Thought is, in great part anyway, a public activity. (Geertz, quoted in J. Miller, 1983, pp. 202-203)

    10) In Thinking, Everything Needs to Be Made as Simple as Possible

   Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler. (Einstein, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 17)

    11) The Conditions for the Construction of Formal Thought

   What, in effect, are the conditions for the construction of formal thought? The child must not only apply operations to objects-in other words, mentally execute possible actions on them-he must also "reﬂect" those operations in the absence of the objects which are replaced by pure propositions. Thus, "reﬂection" is thought raised to the second power. Concrete thinking is the representation of a possible action, and formal thinking is the representation of a representation of possible action.... It is not surprising, therefore, that the system of concrete operations must be completed during the last years of childhood before it can be "reﬂected" by formal operations. In terms of their function, formal operations do not differ from concrete operations except that they are applied to hypotheses or propositions [whose logic is] an abstract translation of the system of "inference" that governs concrete operations. (Piaget, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 237)

    12) Language Enables the Rehearsal of Thought and, Thereby, Commitment to Long- Term Memory

   [E]ven a human being today (hence, a fortiori, a remote ancestor of contemporary human beings) cannot easily or ordinarily maintain uninterrupted attention on a single problem for more than a few tens of seconds. Yet we work on problems that require vastly more time. The way we do that (as we can observe by watching ourselves) requires periods of mulling to be followed by periods of recapitulation, describing to ourselves what seems to have gone on during the mulling, leading to whatever intermediate results we have reached. This has an obvious function: namely, by rehearsing these interim results... we commit them to memory, for the immediate contents of the stream of consciousness are very quickly lost unless rehearsed.... Given language, we can describe to ourselves what seemed to occur during the mulling that led to a judgment, produce a rehearsable version of the reaching-a-judgment process, and commit that to long-term memory by in fact rehearsing it. (Margolis, 1987, p. 60)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Thinking
16 SP

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Salvation Plan, specifications, поставщик услуг (бизнес, заключение договора), обслуживающая компания, обслуживающая организация

2) Компьютерная техника: Single Processor, Stops Processing

3) Медицина: sodium phosphate (фосфат натрия)

4) Американизм: Semi Plenary, Special Publication

5) Ботаника: Soil Properties

6) Спорт: Sanity Points, Save Percentage, Short Program, Shoulder Pad, Single Play, Single Player, Spirit Points, Sports Plane, Sports Production, Starting Pitcher, Style Points, Subgame Perfect, Super Player

7) Военный термин: Sabotage Pack, Security Pack, Security Policy, Shock Practice, Source Program, Special Proceeding, school of photography, seaplane, secret publication, security police, security policeman, security publication, self-propelled, sensor package, service pistol, service policeman, service publication, shipping port, shore party, sign post, signal post, signal processor, signal publication, single-purpose, smokeless powder, soft-point, spare part, spares planning, special performance, special planning, special program, special project, special projective, special propellants, special-purpose, specialist, splinter-protected, standard practice, standard procedure, standing procedure, start point, stragglers' post, strategic plan, strategic planning, strategic program, stretcher party, student pilot, submarine patrol, summary plotter, supply point, support publication, surveillance procedure, system parameter, systems planning

8) Техника: Silk Purse, Silver Plated, Something Probably, Special Product, Square Pod, safety principles, sampling point, satellite processor, saturation paste, saturation percentage, security procedure, self-potential, separator, set point, short-period, shotpoint, signal projector, single pole, single-processor, solar panel, solidification point, space character, span value, stand pipe, star photometer, starting period, stellar photometry, superpressure, suppression pool, suspended particles

9) Сельское хозяйство: superphosphate

10) Шутливое выражение: Super Pud

11) Химия: Solubility Product

12) Математика: свойство вычитания (subtraction property), случайный процесс (stochastic process)

13) Религия: Saint Peter, Supreme Power

14) Железнодорожный термин: Union Pacific Railroad Company

15) Юридический термин: State Police, Street Price

16) Бухгалтерия: sales proceeds, selling price

17) Автомобильный термин: запаска, запасное колесо, запчасть (spare part, обычно именно про колесо)

18) Грубое выражение: Sex Partner, Shit Pot, Sneaky Peek, Stinky Poop, Stupid Parents, Stupid Party, Stupid Piece, Stupid Prat, Stupidly Priced, Sucky Piece

19) Металлургия: straight polarity

20) Телевидение: standart play

21) Телекоммуникации: Signaling Point (ANSI)

22) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Poland), Satellite Photo, Shore Patrol (USA), Shore Patrol, Single-Phase, Smart Procurement (UK MoD), Socialist Party, Southern Pacific, Spain (NATO country code), Spotting round, Stabilised Platform, Star Patrol, Static Pressure, one-pole, sample part, seaplane port, shear plate, single-pole, spare, spare parts, species, specification, speed, splitting, stake and platform, standpipe, stop of payment, structured protection, supply, Short Play (VHS VCR), special (projectile)

23) Университет: Satisfactory Progress, Student Program, Sure Pass

24) Физиология: Sleep Paralysis, Spine, spinal

25) Вычислительная техника: Signaling Point, Speculative Precomputation, Speech Processing, Structured Programming, System Product, semipermanent, shift pulse, sound parameters, square punch, параметры звука, Southern Pacific (Corporate name, Railroading), Service Provider (DMI), SPare (IMEI, GSM, Mobile-Systems), Simple visual Profile (MPEG), Service Pack (MS, Windows, NT), Service Processor (Power4, IBM, IC), Stack Pointer (register, CPU, Intel, Assembler)

26) Нефть: (Vcl) clay content deduced from spontaneous potential (SP) log, bbl separator barrel, curve spontaneous polarization curve, reflected wave, self potential, set plug, shot point, shot points, slightly porous, spontaneous polarization, straddle packer, surface pressure, давление на устье скважины (surface pressure), естественный потенциал (self-potential), короткопериодный (short-period), место перфорирования, нормальное давление (safe pressure), пункт взрыва (shotpoint), сдвоенный пакер (straddle packer), точка взрыва (shot point), точка возбуждения (shot point), установка временной мостовой пробки (set plug), Spontaneous Potential Log

27) Банковское дело: приостанавливать платёж (stop payment)

28) Геофизика: ПВ, ПС, потенциал самопроизвольной поляризации

29) Пищевая промышленность: Sugar Pie

30) Силикатное производство: softening point, suspension preheater

31) Воздухоплавание: Supervisory Package

32) Фирменный знак: Simple Productions, Sprague

33) СМИ: Special Presentation, Studio Package, Suggested Page

34) Деловая лексика: Semidirect Product, Single Premium, Special Partner, Special Process, Starting Price

35) Бурение: СП (spontaneous polarization), спонтанная поляризация (spontaneous polarization), self potential log (an electrical log for indicating lithology)

36) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: seismic profile, standing pipe rack, каротаж собственного потенциала (spontaneous potential), потенциал самопроизвольной поляризации (Spontaneous Potential)

37) Нефтегазовая техника самопроизвольная поляризация

38) Образование: Schools Program, Skills Practice, Spell Points

39) Инвестиции: stop payment

40) Полимеры: series-parallel, single propellant, singlephase, sliced plate, smokeless propellant, soil pipe, solid propellant, solidifying point, spot plate, standard pitch, standard pressure, steam pressure, superior-processing

41) Программирование: Single Precision, System Procedure

42) Сахалин Р: Spontaneous Potential, spontaneous potential

43) Сахалин А: set pressure

44) Химическое оружие: secondary power

45) Макаров: single-point, starting point

46) Безопасность: Secure Proxy, Security Potential

47) Расширение файла: Service Package, Stack Pointer, Summary Punch, Supervisory Printer, Service Pack (IBM), Compressed file archive (Splint)

48) Автоматическое регулирование: set point, точка уставки ( регулятора) (точка цставки, настройки регулятора в контурах автоматического управления (регулирования))

49) SAP.тех. хранимая процедура

50) Нефть и газ: code of practice, self-potential curve, small power supply

51) Электротехника: source point, spinning reserve

52) Майкрософт: пакет обновления

53) Общественная организация: Samaritan's Purse

54) Должность: Senior Pastor, Street Photography, Superior Performance, Suppressive Person

55) Чат: Shiny Pants, Social Points, Super Pretty

56) Правительство: Sterling Park, Stevens Point

57) НАСА: Sub Project

58) Программное обеспечение: Service Pack, Smart Pointer

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SP
17 Sp

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Salvation Plan, specifications, поставщик услуг (бизнес, заключение договора), обслуживающая компания, обслуживающая организация

2) Компьютерная техника: Single Processor, Stops Processing

3) Медицина: sodium phosphate (фосфат натрия)

4) Американизм: Semi Plenary, Special Publication

5) Ботаника: Soil Properties

6) Спорт: Sanity Points, Save Percentage, Short Program, Shoulder Pad, Single Play, Single Player, Spirit Points, Sports Plane, Sports Production, Starting Pitcher, Style Points, Subgame Perfect, Super Player

7) Военный термин: Sabotage Pack, Security Pack, Security Policy, Shock Practice, Source Program, Special Proceeding, school of photography, seaplane, secret publication, security police, security policeman, security publication, self-propelled, sensor package, service pistol, service policeman, service publication, shipping port, shore party, sign post, signal post, signal processor, signal publication, single-purpose, smokeless powder, soft-point, spare part, spares planning, special performance, special planning, special program, special project, special projective, special propellants, special-purpose, specialist, splinter-protected, standard practice, standard procedure, standing procedure, start point, stragglers' post, strategic plan, strategic planning, strategic program, stretcher party, student pilot, submarine patrol, summary plotter, supply point, support publication, surveillance procedure, system parameter, systems planning

8) Техника: Silk Purse, Silver Plated, Something Probably, Special Product, Square Pod, safety principles, sampling point, satellite processor, saturation paste, saturation percentage, security procedure, self-potential, separator, set point, short-period, shotpoint, signal projector, single pole, single-processor, solar panel, solidification point, space character, span value, stand pipe, star photometer, starting period, stellar photometry, superpressure, suppression pool, suspended particles

9) Сельское хозяйство: superphosphate

10) Шутливое выражение: Super Pud

11) Химия: Solubility Product

12) Математика: свойство вычитания (subtraction property), случайный процесс (stochastic process)

13) Религия: Saint Peter, Supreme Power

14) Железнодорожный термин: Union Pacific Railroad Company

15) Юридический термин: State Police, Street Price

16) Бухгалтерия: sales proceeds, selling price

17) Автомобильный термин: запаска, запасное колесо, запчасть (spare part, обычно именно про колесо)

18) Грубое выражение: Sex Partner, Shit Pot, Sneaky Peek, Stinky Poop, Stupid Parents, Stupid Party, Stupid Piece, Stupid Prat, Stupidly Priced, Sucky Piece

19) Металлургия: straight polarity

20) Телевидение: standart play

21) Телекоммуникации: Signaling Point (ANSI)

22) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Poland), Satellite Photo, Shore Patrol (USA), Shore Patrol, Single-Phase, Smart Procurement (UK MoD), Socialist Party, Southern Pacific, Spain (NATO country code), Spotting round, Stabilised Platform, Star Patrol, Static Pressure, one-pole, sample part, seaplane port, shear plate, single-pole, spare, spare parts, species, specification, speed, splitting, stake and platform, standpipe, stop of payment, structured protection, supply, Short Play (VHS VCR), special (projectile)

23) Университет: Satisfactory Progress, Student Program, Sure Pass

24) Физиология: Sleep Paralysis, Spine, spinal

25) Вычислительная техника: Signaling Point, Speculative Precomputation, Speech Processing, Structured Programming, System Product, semipermanent, shift pulse, sound parameters, square punch, параметры звука, Southern Pacific (Corporate name, Railroading), Service Provider (DMI), SPare (IMEI, GSM, Mobile-Systems), Simple visual Profile (MPEG), Service Pack (MS, Windows, NT), Service Processor (Power4, IBM, IC), Stack Pointer (register, CPU, Intel, Assembler)

26) Нефть: (Vcl) clay content deduced from spontaneous potential (SP) log, bbl separator barrel, curve spontaneous polarization curve, reflected wave, self potential, set plug, shot point, shot points, slightly porous, spontaneous polarization, straddle packer, surface pressure, давление на устье скважины (surface pressure), естественный потенциал (self-potential), короткопериодный (short-period), место перфорирования, нормальное давление (safe pressure), пункт взрыва (shotpoint), сдвоенный пакер (straddle packer), точка взрыва (shot point), точка возбуждения (shot point), установка временной мостовой пробки (set plug), Spontaneous Potential Log

27) Банковское дело: приостанавливать платёж (stop payment)

28) Геофизика: ПВ, ПС, потенциал самопроизвольной поляризации

29) Пищевая промышленность: Sugar Pie

30) Силикатное производство: softening point, suspension preheater

31) Воздухоплавание: Supervisory Package

32) Фирменный знак: Simple Productions, Sprague

33) СМИ: Special Presentation, Studio Package, Suggested Page

34) Деловая лексика: Semidirect Product, Single Premium, Special Partner, Special Process, Starting Price

35) Бурение: СП (spontaneous polarization), спонтанная поляризация (spontaneous polarization), self potential log (an electrical log for indicating lithology)

36) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: seismic profile, standing pipe rack, каротаж собственного потенциала (spontaneous potential), потенциал самопроизвольной поляризации (Spontaneous Potential)

37) Нефтегазовая техника самопроизвольная поляризация

38) Образование: Schools Program, Skills Practice, Spell Points

39) Инвестиции: stop payment

40) Полимеры: series-parallel, single propellant, singlephase, sliced plate, smokeless propellant, soil pipe, solid propellant, solidifying point, spot plate, standard pitch, standard pressure, steam pressure, superior-processing

41) Программирование: Single Precision, System Procedure

42) Сахалин Р: Spontaneous Potential, spontaneous potential

43) Сахалин А: set pressure

44) Химическое оружие: secondary power

45) Макаров: single-point, starting point

46) Безопасность: Secure Proxy, Security Potential

47) Расширение файла: Service Package, Stack Pointer, Summary Punch, Supervisory Printer, Service Pack (IBM), Compressed file archive (Splint)

48) Автоматическое регулирование: set point, точка уставки ( регулятора) (точка цставки, настройки регулятора в контурах автоматического управления (регулирования))

49) SAP.тех. хранимая процедура

50) Нефть и газ: code of practice, self-potential curve, small power supply

51) Электротехника: source point, spinning reserve

52) Майкрософт: пакет обновления

53) Общественная организация: Samaritan's Purse

54) Должность: Senior Pastor, Street Photography, Superior Performance, Suppressive Person

55) Чат: Shiny Pants, Social Points, Super Pretty

56) Правительство: Sterling Park, Stevens Point

57) НАСА: Sub Project

58) Программное обеспечение: Service Pack, Smart Pointer

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Sp
18 sp

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Salvation Plan, specifications, поставщик услуг (бизнес, заключение договора), обслуживающая компания, обслуживающая организация

2) Компьютерная техника: Single Processor, Stops Processing

3) Медицина: sodium phosphate (фосфат натрия)

4) Американизм: Semi Plenary, Special Publication

5) Ботаника: Soil Properties

6) Спорт: Sanity Points, Save Percentage, Short Program, Shoulder Pad, Single Play, Single Player, Spirit Points, Sports Plane, Sports Production, Starting Pitcher, Style Points, Subgame Perfect, Super Player

7) Военный термин: Sabotage Pack, Security Pack, Security Policy, Shock Practice, Source Program, Special Proceeding, school of photography, seaplane, secret publication, security police, security policeman, security publication, self-propelled, sensor package, service pistol, service policeman, service publication, shipping port, shore party, sign post, signal post, signal processor, signal publication, single-purpose, smokeless powder, soft-point, spare part, spares planning, special performance, special planning, special program, special project, special projective, special propellants, special-purpose, specialist, splinter-protected, standard practice, standard procedure, standing procedure, start point, stragglers' post, strategic plan, strategic planning, strategic program, stretcher party, student pilot, submarine patrol, summary plotter, supply point, support publication, surveillance procedure, system parameter, systems planning

8) Техника: Silk Purse, Silver Plated, Something Probably, Special Product, Square Pod, safety principles, sampling point, satellite processor, saturation paste, saturation percentage, security procedure, self-potential, separator, set point, short-period, shotpoint, signal projector, single pole, single-processor, solar panel, solidification point, space character, span value, stand pipe, star photometer, starting period, stellar photometry, superpressure, suppression pool, suspended particles

9) Сельское хозяйство: superphosphate

10) Шутливое выражение: Super Pud

11) Химия: Solubility Product

12) Математика: свойство вычитания (subtraction property), случайный процесс (stochastic process)

13) Религия: Saint Peter, Supreme Power

14) Железнодорожный термин: Union Pacific Railroad Company

15) Юридический термин: State Police, Street Price

16) Бухгалтерия: sales proceeds, selling price

17) Автомобильный термин: запаска, запасное колесо, запчасть (spare part, обычно именно про колесо)

18) Грубое выражение: Sex Partner, Shit Pot, Sneaky Peek, Stinky Poop, Stupid Parents, Stupid Party, Stupid Piece, Stupid Prat, Stupidly Priced, Sucky Piece

19) Металлургия: straight polarity

20) Телевидение: standart play

21) Телекоммуникации: Signaling Point (ANSI)

22) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Poland), Satellite Photo, Shore Patrol (USA), Shore Patrol, Single-Phase, Smart Procurement (UK MoD), Socialist Party, Southern Pacific, Spain (NATO country code), Spotting round, Stabilised Platform, Star Patrol, Static Pressure, one-pole, sample part, seaplane port, shear plate, single-pole, spare, spare parts, species, specification, speed, splitting, stake and platform, standpipe, stop of payment, structured protection, supply, Short Play (VHS VCR), special (projectile)

23) Университет: Satisfactory Progress, Student Program, Sure Pass

24) Физиология: Sleep Paralysis, Spine, spinal

25) Вычислительная техника: Signaling Point, Speculative Precomputation, Speech Processing, Structured Programming, System Product, semipermanent, shift pulse, sound parameters, square punch, параметры звука, Southern Pacific (Corporate name, Railroading), Service Provider (DMI), SPare (IMEI, GSM, Mobile-Systems), Simple visual Profile (MPEG), Service Pack (MS, Windows, NT), Service Processor (Power4, IBM, IC), Stack Pointer (register, CPU, Intel, Assembler)

26) Нефть: (Vcl) clay content deduced from spontaneous potential (SP) log, bbl separator barrel, curve spontaneous polarization curve, reflected wave, self potential, set plug, shot point, shot points, slightly porous, spontaneous polarization, straddle packer, surface pressure, давление на устье скважины (surface pressure), естественный потенциал (self-potential), короткопериодный (short-period), место перфорирования, нормальное давление (safe pressure), пункт взрыва (shotpoint), сдвоенный пакер (straddle packer), точка взрыва (shot point), точка возбуждения (shot point), установка временной мостовой пробки (set plug), Spontaneous Potential Log

27) Банковское дело: приостанавливать платёж (stop payment)

28) Геофизика: ПВ, ПС, потенциал самопроизвольной поляризации

29) Пищевая промышленность: Sugar Pie

30) Силикатное производство: softening point, suspension preheater

31) Воздухоплавание: Supervisory Package

32) Фирменный знак: Simple Productions, Sprague

33) СМИ: Special Presentation, Studio Package, Suggested Page

34) Деловая лексика: Semidirect Product, Single Premium, Special Partner, Special Process, Starting Price

35) Бурение: СП (spontaneous polarization), спонтанная поляризация (spontaneous polarization), self potential log (an electrical log for indicating lithology)

36) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: seismic profile, standing pipe rack, каротаж собственного потенциала (spontaneous potential), потенциал самопроизвольной поляризации (Spontaneous Potential)

37) Нефтегазовая техника самопроизвольная поляризация

38) Образование: Schools Program, Skills Practice, Spell Points

39) Инвестиции: stop payment

40) Полимеры: series-parallel, single propellant, singlephase, sliced plate, smokeless propellant, soil pipe, solid propellant, solidifying point, spot plate, standard pitch, standard pressure, steam pressure, superior-processing

41) Программирование: Single Precision, System Procedure

42) Сахалин Р: Spontaneous Potential, spontaneous potential

43) Сахалин А: set pressure

44) Химическое оружие: secondary power

45) Макаров: single-point, starting point

46) Безопасность: Secure Proxy, Security Potential

47) Расширение файла: Service Package, Stack Pointer, Summary Punch, Supervisory Printer, Service Pack (IBM), Compressed file archive (Splint)

48) Автоматическое регулирование: set point, точка уставки ( регулятора) (точка цставки, настройки регулятора в контурах автоматического управления (регулирования))

49) SAP.тех. хранимая процедура

50) Нефть и газ: code of practice, self-potential curve, small power supply

51) Электротехника: source point, spinning reserve

52) Майкрософт: пакет обновления

53) Общественная организация: Samaritan's Purse

54) Должность: Senior Pastor, Street Photography, Superior Performance, Suppressive Person

55) Чат: Shiny Pants, Social Points, Super Pretty

56) Правительство: Sterling Park, Stevens Point

57) НАСА: Sub Project

58) Программное обеспечение: Service Pack, Smart Pointer

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > sp
19 set

set [set]

jeu ⇒ 1 (a) série ⇒ 1 (a) ensemble ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (c) cercle ⇒ 1 (b) appareil ⇒ 1 (d) poste ⇒ 1 (d) set ⇒ 1 (e) fixe ⇒ 2 (a) arrêté ⇒ 2 (b) figé ⇒ 2 (b) résolu ⇒ 2 (c) prêt ⇒ 2 (d) mettre ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (c), 3 (d) poser ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (c), 3 (e), 3 (i) situer ⇒ 3 (b) régler ⇒ 3 (c) fixer ⇒ 3 (f), 3 (i) établir ⇒ 3 (f) faire prendre ⇒ 3 (h) se coucher ⇒ 4 (a) prendre ⇒ 4 (b)

(pt & pp set, cont setting)

1 noun

(a) (of tools, keys, golf clubs, sails) jeu m; (of numbers, names, instructions, stamps, weights) série f; (of books) collection f; (of furniture) ensemble m; (of cutlery, dishes, glasses) service m; (of lingerie) parure f; (of wheels) train m; (of facts, conditions, characteristics, data) ensemble m; (of events, decisions, questions) série f, suite f; Typography (of proofs, characters) jeu m; Computing (of characters, instructions) jeu m, ensemble m;

∎ a set of matching luggage un ensemble de valises assorties;

∎ a set of table/bed linen une parure de table/de lit;

∎ a set of sheets une parure de lit;

∎ badminton/chess set jeu m de badminton/d'échecs;

∎ they're playing with Damian's train set ils jouent avec le train électrique de Damian;

∎ the cups/the chairs are sold in sets of six les tasses/les chaises sont vendues par six;

∎ I can't break up the set je ne peux pas les dépareiller;

∎ they make a set ils vont ensemble;

∎ to collect the (whole) set rassembler toute la collection, faire la collection;

∎ he made me a duplicate set (of keys) il m'a fait un double des clés; (of contact lenses) il m'en a fait une autre paire;

∎ a full set of the encyclopedia une encyclopédie complète;

∎ a full set of Tolstoy's works les œuvres complètes de Tolstoï;

∎ they've detected two sets of fingerprints ils ont relevé deux séries d'empreintes digitales ou les empreintes digitales de deux personnes;

∎ given another set of circumstances, things might have turned out differently dans d'autres circonstances, les choses auraient pu se passer différemment;

∎ the first set of reforms la première série ou le premier train de réformes;

∎ they ran a whole set of tests on me ils m'ont fait subir toute une série d'examens

(b) (social group) cercle m, milieu m;

∎ he's not in our set il n'appartient pas à notre cercle;

∎ we don't go around in the same set nous ne fréquentons pas le même milieu ou monde;

∎ the riding/yachting set le monde ou milieu de l'équitation/du yachting;

∎ the literary set les milieux mpl littéraires;

∎ the Markham set Markham et ses amis

(c) Mathematics ensemble m

(d) (electrical device) appareil m; (radio, TV) poste m;

∎ a colour TV set un poste de télévision ou un téléviseur couleur

(e) Sport set m, manche f;

∎ first set to Miss Williams set Williams

(f) Cinema & Television plateau m; Theatre (stage) scène f; (scenery) décor m;

∎ on (the) set Cinema & Television sur le plateau; Theatre sur scène

(g) (part of performance → by singer, group)

∎ he'll be playing two sets tonight il va jouer à deux reprises ce soir;

∎ her second set was livelier la deuxième partie de son spectacle a été plus animée

(h) British School groupe m de niveau

(i) (for hair) mise f en plis;

∎ to have a set se faire faire une mise en plis

(j) (posture → of shoulders, body) position f, attitude f; (→ of head) port m;

∎ I could tell he was angry by the set of his jaw rien qu'à la façon dont il serrait les mâchoires, j'ai compris qu'il était en colère

(k) (direction → of wind, current) direction f;

∎ suddenly the set of the wind changed le vent a tourné soudainement

(l) Psychology (tendency) tendance f

(m) Horticulture (seedling) semis m; (cutting) bouture f;

∎ tomato/tulip sets tomates fpl/tulipes fpl à repiquer

(n) (clutch of eggs) couvée f

(o) Hunting (of hound) arrêt m

(p) Building industry (paving stone) pavé m

(q) (of badger) terrier m

2 adjective

(a) (specified, prescribed → rule, price, quantity, sum, wage) fixe;

∎ meals are at set times les repas sont servis à heures fixes;

∎ there are no set rules for raising children il n'y a pas de règles toutes faites pour l'éducation des enfants;

∎ the tasks must be done in the set order les tâches doivent être accomplies dans l'ordre prescrit;

∎ with no set purpose sans but précis

(b) (fixed, rigid → ideas, views) arrêté; (→ smile, frown) figé;

∎ her day followed a set routine sa journée se déroulait selon un rituel immuable;

∎ he has a set way of doing it il a sa méthode pour le faire;

∎ to be set in one's ways avoir ses (petites) habitudes;

∎ to become set in one's views devenir rigide dans ses opinions

(c) (intent, resolute) résolu, déterminé;

∎ to be set on or upon sth vouloir qch à tout prix;

∎ I'm (dead) set on finishing it tonight je suis (absolument) déterminé à le finir ce soir;

∎ he's dead set against it il s'y oppose formellement

(d) (ready, in position) prêt;

∎ are you (all) set to go? êtes-vous prêt à partir?

(e) (likely) probablement;

∎ he seems well set to win il semble être sur la bonne voie ou être bien parti pour gagner;

∎ house prices are set to rise steeply les prix de l'immobilier vont vraisemblablement monter en flèche

(f) British School (book, subject) au programme;

∎ one of our set books is 'Oliver Twist' un des ouvrages au programme est 'Oliver Twist'

3 transitive verb

(a) (put in specified place or position) mettre, poser;

∎ he set his cases down on the platform il posa ses valises sur le quai;

∎ to set sth before sb (dish, glass) placer qch devant qn; (proposal, plan) présenter qch à qn;

∎ she set the steaming bowl before him elle plaça le bol fumant devant lui;

∎ to set a proposal before the board présenter un projet au conseil d'administration;

∎ to set sb on his/her feet again remettre qn sur pied;

∎ to set a match to sth mettre le feu à qch;

∎ to set sb ashore débarquer qn

(b) (usu passive) (locate, situate → building, story) situer;

∎ the house is set in large grounds la maison est située dans un grand parc;

∎ his eyes are set too close together ses yeux sont trop rapprochés;

∎ the story is set in Tokyo l'histoire se passe ou se déroule à Tokyo;

∎ her novels are set in the 18th century ses romans se passent au XVIIIème siècle

(c) (adjust → clock, mechanism) régler; (→ alarm) mettre; Computing (→ tabs, format) poser;

∎ I set my watch to New York time j'ai réglé ma montre à l'heure de New York;

∎ set your watches an hour ahead avancez vos montres d'une heure;

∎ he's so punctual you can set your watch by him! il est si ponctuel qu'on peut régler sa montre sur lui!;

∎ I've set the alarm for six j'ai mis le réveil à (sonner pour) six heures;

∎ how do I set the margins? comment est-ce que je fais pour placer les marges?;

∎ set the timer for one hour mettez le minuteur sur une heure;

∎ first set the control knob to the desired temperature mettez tout d'abord le bouton de réglage sur la température voulue;

∎ the lever was set in the off position le levier était sur "arrêt"

(d) (fix into position) mettre, fixer; (jewel, diamond) sertir, monter;

∎ the handles are set into the drawers les poignées sont encastrées dans les tiroirs;

∎ there was a peephole set in the door il y avait un judas dans la porte;

∎ to set a stake in the ground enfoncer ou planter un pieu dans la terre;

∎ metal bars had been set in the concrete des barres en métal avaient été fixées dans le béton;

∎ the brooch was set with pearls la broche était sertie de perles;

∎ the ruby was set in a simple ring le rubis était monté sur un simple anneau;

∎ Medicine to set a bone réduire une fracture;

∎ figurative his face was set in a frown son visage était figé dans une grimace renfrognée;

∎ she set her jaw and refused to budge elle serra les dents et refusa de bouger;

∎ we had set ourselves to resist nous étions déterminés à résister

(e) (lay, prepare in advance → trap) poser, tendre;

∎ to set the table mettre le couvert ou la table;

∎ to set the table for two mettre deux couverts;

∎ set an extra place at table rajoutez un couvert

(f) (establish → date, price, schedule, terms) fixer, déterminer; (→ rule, guideline, objective, target) établir; (→ mood, precedent) créer;

∎ they still haven't set a date for the party ils n'ont toujours pas fixé de date pour la réception;

∎ you've set yourself a tough deadline or a tough deadline for yourself vous vous êtes fixé un délai très court;

∎ it's up to them to set their own production targets c'est à eux d'établir ou de fixer leurs propres objectifs de production;

∎ a deficit ceiling has been set un plafonnement du déficit a été imposé ou fixé ou décidé;

∎ to set a value on sth décider de la valeur de qch;

∎ figurative they set a high value on creativity ils accordent une grande valeur à la créativité;

∎ the price was set at £500 le prix a été fixé à 500 livres;

∎ the judge set bail at $1,000 le juge a fixé la caution à 1000 dollars;

∎ how are exchange rates set? comment les taux de change sont-ils déterminés?;

∎ to set an age limit at… fixer une limite d'âge à…;

∎ to set a new fashion or trend lancer une nouvelle mode;

∎ to set a new world record établir un nouveau record mondial;

∎ to set the tone for or of sth donner le ton de qch

(g) (indicating change of state or activity)

∎ to set sth alight or on fire mettre le feu à qch;

∎ it sets my nerves on edge ça me crispe;

∎ also figurative she set me in the right direction elle m'a mis sur la bonne voie;

∎ to set sb against sb monter qn contre qn;

∎ he/the incident set the taxman on my trail il/l'incident a mis le fisc sur ma piste;

∎ to set the dogs on sb lâcher les chiens sur qn;

∎ the incident set the family against him l'incident a monté la famille contre lui;

∎ it will set the country on the road to economic recovery cela va mettre le pays sur la voie de la reprise économique;

∎ his failure set him thinking son échec lui a donné à réfléchir;

∎ the scandal will set the whole town talking le scandale va faire jaser toute la ville;

∎ to set the dog barking faire aboyer le chien;

∎ the wind set the leaves dancing le vent a fait frissonner les feuilles;

∎ to set a machine going mettre une machine en marche

(h) (solidify → yoghurt, jelly, concrete) faire prendre;

∎ pectin will help to set the jam la pectine aidera à épaissir la confiture

(i) (pose → problem) poser; (assign → task) fixer;

∎ the strikers' demands set the management a difficult problem les exigences des grévistes posent un problème difficile à la direction;

∎ I set them to work tidying the garden je les ai mis au désherbage du jardin;

∎ I've set myself the task of writing to them regularly je me suis fixé la tâche de leur écrire régulièrement

(j) British School (exam) composer, choisir les questions de; (books, texts) mettre au programme;

∎ she set the class a maths exercise, she set a maths exercise for the class elle a donné un exercice de maths à la classe;

∎ who sets the test questions? qui choisit les questions de l'épreuve?

(k) (hair)

∎ to set sb's hair faire une mise en plis à qn;

∎ and I've just had my hair set! et je viens de me faire faire une mise en plis!;

∎ I set my own hair je me fais moi-même mes mises en plis

(l) Horticulture (plant) planter

(m) Typography (text, page) composer;

∎ to set type composer

(n) Music (poem, words)

∎ to set sth to music mettre qch en musique

4 intransitive verb

(a) (sun, moon, stars) se coucher;

∎ we saw the sun setting nous avons vu le coucher du soleil

(b) (become firm → glue, cement, plaster, jelly, yoghurt) prendre;

∎ her features had set in an expression of determination ses traits s'étaient durcis en une expression de très forte détermination

(c) (bone) se ressouder

(d) (start) se mettre;

∎ he set to work il s'est mis au travail

(e) (plant, tree) prendre racine

(f) (hen) couver

(g) (wind, tide)

∎ the wind looks set fair to the east on dirait un vent d'ouest

(h) Hunting (hound) tomber en arrêt

►► Theatre, Cinema & Television set designer décorateur(trice) m,f;

Grammar set expression expression f figée;

set figures (in skating) figures fpl imposées;

set meal, set menu meal menu m;

Grammar set phrase expression f figée;

set piece

(a) Art, Literature & Music morceau m de bravoure

(b) (fireworks) pièce f (de feu) d'artifice

(c) (of scenery) élément m de décor

(d) Sport combinaison f préparée ou calculée;

Sport set point (in tennis) balle f de set;

Technology set screw vis f de réglage;

Sport set scrum (in rugby) mêlée f fermée;

set square équerre f (à dessiner);

set task tâche f assignée;

∎ to give sb a set task to do assigner à qn une tâche bien précise;

Mathematics set theory théorie f des ensembles

➲ set about inseparable transitive verb

(a) (start → task) se mettre à;

∎ she set about changing the tyre elle s'est mise à changer le pneu;

∎ I didn't know how to set about it je ne savais pas comment m'y prendre;

∎ how does one set about getting a visa? comment fait-on pour obtenir un visa?

(b) (attack) attaquer, s'en prendre à;

∎ he set about the mugger with his umbrella il s'en est pris à son agresseur à coups de parapluie

➲ set against separable transitive verb

(a) (compare)

∎ to set sth against sth comparer qch à qch;

∎ to set the benefits against the costs évaluer les bénéfices par rapport aux coûts;

∎ we must set the government's promises against its achievements nous devons examiner les promesses du gouvernement à la lumière de ses actions

(b) Finance (offset)

∎ some of these expenses can be set against tax certaines de ces dépenses peuvent être déduites des impôts

(c) (friends, family) monter contre;

∎ religious differences have set family against family les différences religieuses ont monté les familles les unes contre les autres;

∎ to set oneself or one's face against sth s'opposer résolument à qch

➲ set ahead separable transitive verb

American

∎ to set the clock ahead avancer l'horloge;

∎ we're setting the clocks ahead tonight on change d'heure cette nuit

➲ set apart separable transitive verb

(a) (place separately → object) mettre à part ou de côté;

∎ there was one deck chair set slightly apart from the others il y avait une chaise longue un peu à l'écart des autres;

∎ they set themselves apart ils faisaient bande à part

(b) (distinguish) distinguer ( from de);

∎ her talent sets her apart from the other students son talent la distingue des autres étudiants

➲ set aside separable transitive verb

(a) (put down → knitting, book) poser;

∎ could you set aside what you're working on for a while? pouvez-vous laisser ce que vous êtes en train de faire un moment?

(b) (reserve, keep → time, place) réserver; (→ money) mettre de côté; (→ arable land) mettre en friche;

∎ I've set tomorrow aside for house hunting j'ai réservé la journée de demain pour chercher une maison;

∎ the room is set aside for meetings la pièce est réservée aux réunions;

∎ can you set the book aside for me? pourriez-vous me mettre ce livre de côté?;

∎ chop the onions and set them aside coupez les oignons et réservez-les

(c) (overlook, disregard) mettre de côté, oublier, passer sur;

∎ they set their differences aside in order to work together ils ont mis de côté leurs différences pour travailler ensemble

(d) (reject → dogma, proposal, offer) rejeter

(e) Law (annul → contract, will) annuler; (→ verdict, judgment) casser

➲ set back separable transitive verb

(a) (situate towards the rear)

∎ the building is set back slightly from the road l'immeuble est un peu en retrait par rapport à la route

(b) (delay → plans, progress) retarder;

∎ his illness set him back a month in his work sa maladie l'a retardé d'un mois dans son travail;

∎ the news may set him or his recovery back la nouvelle risque de retarder sa guérison;

∎ this decision will set the economy back ten years cette décision va faire revenir l'économie dix ans en arrière

(c) familiar (cost) coûter à^□ ;

∎ the trip will set her back a bit le voyage va lui coûter cher

➲ set down separable transitive verb

(a) (tray, bag etc) poser

(b) British (passenger) déposer;

∎ the bus sets you down in front of the station le bus vous dépose devant la gare

(c) (note, record) noter, inscrire;

∎ try and set your thoughts down on paper essayez de mettre vos pensées par écrit

(d) (establish → rule, condition) établir, fixer;

∎ the government has set down a margin for pay increases le gouvernement a fixé une fourchette pour les augmentations de salaire;

∎ permissible levels of pollution are set down in the regulations les taux de pollution tolérés sont fixés dans les réglementations;

∎ to set sth down in writing coucher qch par écrit;

∎ it is clearly set down that drivers must be insured il est clairement signalé ou indiqué que tout conducteur doit être assuré

➲ set forth

1 inseparable transitive verb

formal (expound → plan, objections) exposer, présenter;

∎ the recommendations are set forth in the last chapter les recommandations sont détaillées ou énumérées dans le dernier chapitre

2 intransitive verb

literary partir, se mettre en route

➲ set in

1 intransitive verb

(problems) survenir, surgir; (disease) se déclarer; (winter) commencer; (night) tomber;

∎ if infection sets in si la plaie s'infecte;

∎ the bad weather has set in for the winter le mauvais temps s'est installé pour tout l'hiver;

∎ panic set in (began) la panique éclata; (lasted) la panique s'installa

2 separable transitive verb

Sewing (sleeve) monter

➲ set off

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (alarm) déclencher; (bomb) faire exploser; (fireworks) faire partir

(b) (reaction, process, war) déclencher, provoquer;

∎ their offer set off another round of talks leur proposition a déclenché une autre série de négociations;

∎ it set her off on a long tirade against bureaucracy cela eut pour effet de la lancer dans une longue tirade contre la bureaucratie;

∎ to set sb off laughing faire rire qn;

∎ this answer set them off (laughing) cette réponse a déclenché les rires;

∎ one look at his face set me off again en le voyant, mon fou rire a repris de plus belle;

∎ if you say anything it'll only set him off (crying) again si tu dis quoi que ce soit, il va se remettre à pleurer;

∎ the smallest amount of pollen will set her off la moindre dose de pollen lui déclenche une réaction allergique;

∎ don't mention Maradona or you'll set him off again surtout ne prononce pas le nom de Maradona sinon il va recommencer;

∎ someone mentioned the war and of course that set Uncle Arthur off quelqu'un prononça le mot guerre, et évidemment, oncle Arthur embraya aussitôt sur le sujet;

∎ figurative to set sb off on the wrong track mettre qn sur une fausse piste

(c) (enhance) mettre en valeur;

∎ the vase sets off the flowers beautifully le vase met vraiment les fleurs en valeur

(d) Finance (offset)

∎ some of these expenses can be set off against tax certaines de ces dépenses peuvent être déduites des impôts

2 intransitive verb

partir, se mettre en route;

∎ he set off at a run il est parti en courant;

∎ I set off to explore the town je suis parti explorer la ville;

∎ after lunch, we set off again après le déjeuner, nous avons repris la route

➲ set on

1 inseparable transitive verb

(attack) attaquer, s'en prendre à

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (cause to follow)

∎ to set the police on the tracks of a thief mettre la police aux trousses d'un voleur;

∎ to set sb on his/her way mettre qn sur les rails

(b) (cause to attack)

∎ to set a dog on sb lâcher un chien sur qn

➲ set out

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (arrange → chairs, game pieces) disposer; (→ merchandise) étaler;

∎ the shopping centre is very well set out le centre commercial est très bien conçu

(b) (present → ideas) exposer, présenter;

∎ the information is set out in the table below ces données sont présentées dans le tableau ci-dessous

2 intransitive verb

(a) (leave) se mettre en route, partir;

∎ just as he was setting out au moment de son départ;

∎ to set out for school partir pour l'école;

∎ to set out again repartir;

∎ to set out in pursuit/in search of sb se mettre à la poursuite/à la recherche de qn

(b) (undertake course of action) entreprendre;

∎ he has trouble finishing what he sets out to do il a du mal à terminer ce qu'il entreprend;

∎ I can't remember now what I set out to do je ne me souviens plus de ce que je voulais faire à l'origine;

∎ they all set out with the intention of changing the world au début, ils veulent tous changer le monde;

∎ she didn't deliberately set out to annoy you il n'était pas dans ses intentions de vous froisser;

∎ his theory sets out to prove that… sa théorie a pour objet de prouver que…

➲ set to intransitive verb

(a) (begin work) commencer, s'y mettre;

∎ we set to with a will nous nous y sommes mis avec ardeur

(b) familiar (two people → start arguing) avoir une prise de bec; (→ start fighting) en venir aux mains

➲ set up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (install → equipment, computer) installer; (→ roadblock) installer, disposer; (→ experiment) préparer;

∎ everything's set up for the show tout est préparé ou prêt pour le spectacle;

∎ set the chairs up in a circle mettez ou disposez les chaises en cercle;

∎ he set the chessboard up il a disposé les pièces sur l'échiquier;

∎ the equation sets up a relation between the two variables l'équation établit un rapport entre les deux variables;

∎ the system wasn't set up to handle so many users le système n'était pas conçu pour gérer autant d'usagers;

∎ he set the situation up so she couldn't refuse il a arrangé la situation de telle manière qu'elle ne pouvait pas refuser

(b) (erect, build → tent, furniture kit, crane, flagpole) monter; (→ shed, shelter) construire; (→ monument, statue) ériger;

∎ to set up camp installer ou dresser le camp

(c) (start up, institute → business, scholarship) créer; (→ hospital, school) fonder; (→ committee, task force) constituer; (→ system of government, republic) instaurer; (→ programme, review process, system) mettre en place; (→ inquiry) ouvrir; (→ dinner, meeting, appointment) organiser;

∎ to set up house or home s'installer;

∎ they set up house together ils se sont mis en ménage;

∎ to set up a dialogue entamer le dialogue;

∎ you'll be in charge of setting up training programmes vous serez responsable de la mise en place des programmes de formation;

∎ the medical system set up after the war le système médical mis en place après la guerre

(d) (financially, in business → person) installer, établir;

∎ he set his son up in a dry-cleaning business il a acheté à son fils une entreprise de nettoyage à sec;

∎ she could finally set herself up as an accountant elle pourrait enfin s'installer comme comptable;

∎ the money would set him up for life l'argent le mettrait à l'abri du besoin pour le restant de ses jours;

∎ the army set him up as a dictator l'armée l'installa comme dictateur

(e) (provide)

∎ we're well set up with supplies nous sommes bien approvisionnés;

∎ she can set you up with a guide/the necessary papers elle peut vous procurer un guide/les papiers qu'il vous faut;

∎ I can set you up with a girlfriend of mine je peux te présenter à ou te faire rencontrer une de mes copines

(f) (restore energy to) remonter, remettre sur pied;

∎ have a brandy, that'll set you up prends un cognac, ça va te remonter

(g) familiar (frame) monter un coup contre;

∎ she claims she was set up elle prétend qu'elle est victime d'un coup monté;

∎ he was set up as the fall guy on a fait de lui le bouc émissaire^□, il a joué le rôle de bouc émissaire^□

(h) Typography (text) composer

2 intransitive verb

s'installer, s'établir;

∎ he's setting up in the fast-food business il se lance dans la restauration rapide;

∎ to set up on one's own (business) s'installer à son compte; (home) prendre son propre appartement

➲ set upon inseparable transitive verb

(physically or verbally) attaquer, s'en prendre à

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > set
20 Language

   1) The Book of Nature Is Written in the Language of Mathematics

   Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)

   2) Arranging Speech so as to Reply Appropriately

   It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)

   3) No Other Animal Has the Language Capacity of the Human

   It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)

   4) Human Beings Do Not Live Only in the World of Objects

   Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reﬂection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)

   5) Language Powerfully Conditions All Our Thinking

   It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)

   6) A List of Language Games

   [A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]

   Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling it

   Solving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into another

   LANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)

   7) Language Constrains Certain Modes of Interpretation

   We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic ﬂux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)

   8) We Dissect Nature in Accordance with Our Native Languages

   We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.

   The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic ﬂux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)

   9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own Language

   The forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)

    10) The Analysis of Certain Types of Utterances

   It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)

    11) The Dictionary of a Language Is a System of Concepts

   In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)

    12) Talk about the Evolution of the Language Capacity is Beside the Point

   In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)

    13) The Development of Language

   [It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chieﬂy governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)

    14) Sentential and Conceptual Levels in Language

   he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.

   The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)

    15) Linguistic Realities Have Not Yet Been Captured by Theoretical Models

   The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.

   But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)

    16) The Final Steps to Human Language

   The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)

    17) The Inadequacy of Formal Linguistic Models for Ordinary Language Usage

    t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)

    18) When a Language Is an Abstract Machine

   A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)

    19) Metaphor and Metonymy Underpin the Formation of Linguistic Signs

   Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)

    20) Language and the Analysis of Nature

   It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)

    21) Correspondence Rules for Mapping Old Theory into Subsets of New Theory

   First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....

   Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)

    22) The Inclusion of Non- linguistic Factors in a Theory of Grammar

   If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)

    23) Language Is Inevitably Inﬂuenced by Specific Contexts of Human Interaction

   Language cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)

    24) The Genetic Blueprints of Language

   By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)

    25) Languages Are Machines

   Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language

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Simple Minds — performing in Oslo, Norway in February 2006 Background information Origin Glasgow, Scotland … Wikipedia
Simple Network Management Protocol — (SNMP) forms part of the internet protocol suite as defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). SNMP is used in network management systems to monitor network attached devices for conditions that warrant administrative attention. It… … Wikipedia
Simple plan — Simple Plan au Meet in Great à Osaka au Japon Pays d’origine … Wikipédia en Français
Simple — Sim ple, a. [Compar. {Simpler}; superl. {Simplest}.] [F., fr. L. simplus, or simplex, gen. simplicis. The first part of the Latin words is probably akin to E. same, and the sense, one, one and the same; cf. L. semel once, singuli one to each,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Simple contract — Simple Sim ple, a. [Compar. {Simpler}; superl. {Simplest}.] [F., fr. L. simplus, or simplex, gen. simplicis. The first part of the Latin words is probably akin to E. same, and the sense, one, one and the same; cf. L. semel once, singuli one to… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Simple equation — Simple Sim ple, a. [Compar. {Simpler}; superl. {Simplest}.] [F., fr. L. simplus, or simplex, gen. simplicis. The first part of the Latin words is probably akin to E. same, and the sense, one, one and the same; cf. L. semel once, singuli one to… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Simple eye — Simple Sim ple, a. [Compar. {Simpler}; superl. {Simplest}.] [F., fr. L. simplus, or simplex, gen. simplicis. The first part of the Latin words is probably akin to E. same, and the sense, one, one and the same; cf. L. semel once, singuli one to… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Simple interest — Simple Sim ple, a. [Compar. {Simpler}; superl. {Simplest}.] [F., fr. L. simplus, or simplex, gen. simplicis. The first part of the Latin words is probably akin to E. same, and the sense, one, one and the same; cf. L. semel once, singuli one to… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Simple larceny — Simple Sim ple, a. [Compar. {Simpler}; superl. {Simplest}.] [F., fr. L. simplus, or simplex, gen. simplicis. The first part of the Latin words is probably akin to E. same, and the sense, one, one and the same; cf. L. semel once, singuli one to… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Simple obligation — Simple Sim ple, a. [Compar. {Simpler}; superl. {Simplest}.] [F., fr. L. simplus, or simplex, gen. simplicis. The first part of the Latin words is probably akin to E. same, and the sense, one, one and the same; cf. L. semel once, singuli one to… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
simple — [ sɛ̃pl ] adj. et n. • déb. XII e; lat. simplex I ♦ (Personnes) 1 ♦ Qui agit selon ses sentiments, avec une honnêteté naturelle et une droiture spontanée. ⇒ 1. droit, 2. franc. Homme simple et bon. Une grande fille toute simple. « Un cœur simple… … Encyclopédie Universelle

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